Maybe not so safe after all?
Alternate headline: MAGAts wrong yet again.
Peace!
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Italy shuts down a hydroxychloroquine study after 11 patients die.<br>Sell that stock <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@realDonaldTrump</a> @</p>— CharChar (@MollyMay1923) <a href="https://twitter.com/MollyMay1923/status/1249714951696068608?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 13, 2020</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
Heart risk concerns mount around use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for Covid-19 treatment
(CNN)Scientists around the world are continuing to study two drugs -- chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine -- for their potential as possible treatment approaches for illness caused by the novel coronavirus. Yet as new data emerge out of such research, so do some concerns about the efficacy and safety of the drugs when used to treat Covid-19.
There have been early indications that these drugs may be effective in treating or preventing Covid-19, but the medications haven't endured the due diligence of extensive clinical trials and there have been growing concerns about the impact chloroquine and the closely related hydroxychloroquine can have specifically on the heart.
Now, a chloroquine trial in Brazil has been cut short, hospitals in Sweden have been cautioned against using the drugs for Covid-19 and American cardiology groups have urged doctors to be aware of "potential serious implications" when used for people with existing cardiovascular disease.
'First we do no harm'
The "safety profile" for chloroquine may differ from hydroxychloroquine overall but when it comes to the heart, there is no reason why one would be safer than another, said Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center and an attending physician in the Division of Infectious Diseases at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Currently, there is no treatment for Covid-19 approved by the US Food and Drug Administration -- but the agency has issued an emergency use authorization for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat patients hospitalized with Covid-19.
"In a better world, if we weren't so panicked about this virus, we would wait and see if this drug had some value other than the President declaring that it has some value," Offit said. "If someone's sick you can still hurt them."
The drug chloroquine is similar to hydroxychloroquine, but hydroxychloroquine has been called "a less toxic derivative" of chloroquine.
"Hydroxychloroquine has been used at least in the more developed part of the world very extensively for the treatment of lupus and such and it's much safer," said Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of preventative medicine and infectious disease at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville.
He added, "but there is this residual concern."
President Donald Trump has touted the drugs -- hydroxychloroquine in particular -- as possible game changers in the treatment of Covid-19.
World Health Organization officials on Monday said they "eagerly await" the outcomes of studies evaluating the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as possible Covid-19 treatment options, especially as the drugs already are being used "off label" to treat some patients in certain countries.
"The medical and research community are really taking the potential of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine seriously," Dr. Mike Ryan, executive director of the World Health Organization's Health Emergencies Programme, said during a media briefing in Geneva on Monday.
Currently, "there is no evidence from randomized control trials that it works and clinicians have also been cautioned to look out for side effects of the drug to ensure that first we do no harm," Ryan said. "We eagerly await the outcome of the trials that are underway."
Small chloroquine study ends early in Brazil due to deaths
A preliminary study out of Brazil on the use of chloroquine diphosophate to treat patients with Covid-19 symptoms ended early after several patients died and researchers found that a high dose of the drug was associated with a severe type of arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat.
The study, which has not yet been published in a peer-reviewed medical journal but was published to the online medical server medRxiv on Saturday, has been submitted to a medical journal for publication, Dr. Marcus Lacerda, the study's principal investigator and a researcher at the institution Fiocruz in Brazil, told CNN in an email on Monday.
The pre-print study included 81 patients who were hospitalized with severe respiratory syndrome in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. Patients were enrolled in the study before receiving laboratory confirmation of Covid-19, but Lacerda said that 75% of the patients ended up confirmed and the others were "very likely" but their tests came out negative.
For the trial, patients either received a high dose of chloroquine, at 600mg twice daily for 10 days for a total dose of 12g, or they received a low dose at 450mg for five days, twice daily only on the first day, for a total dose of 2.7g. All patients also received the antibiotics ceftriaxone and azithromycin as part of their treatment. A limitation of the study is that there were no patients receiving a placebo.
By the sixth day of the trial, the researchers halted the study after 11 patients died -- and even more deaths were counted in the study's updated data.
In the new updated version of the study that was submitted for publication, "we have 16 deaths out of 41 in the high dosage, and 6 out of 40 in the low dosage. This is significantly different," Lacerda said in the email.
"Patients were also using azithromycin and oseltamivir, which are also cardiotoxic drugs," he said. "Low dose seems to be safer in these patients, however because we have no local controls (not using the drug), because it is being routinely used in Brazil, more efficacy studies need to be performed."
The Data Safety and Monitoring Board for the study "recommended the immediate interruption of the high dose arm and that all patients in it were unmasked and reverted to the low dose arm," the researchers wrote in the pre-print study.
Overall, at least two patients in the high-dose group developed ventricular tachycardia, a type of arrhythmia that can lead to sudden cardiac death and none in the low-dose group developed the condition, according to the pre-print study's data.
The higher dose showed "no apparent benefit" against Covid-19, although the researchers noted their study size was small.
"The major difference between the high dose and the low dose group occurred during the first three days and the actual toxicity -- two patients in the high dose chloroquine arm developed ventricular tachycardia before death," said Vanderbilt University's Schaffner, who was not involved in the study.
"So it's clear that the high dose group was more toxic but it's not as though the low dose group was without concern and in larger studies you might find some problems with the low dose group as well," he said.
The researchers wrote in their trial that while the chloroquine drug has been safely used for more than 70 years for malaria, using it at high dosages to treat Covid-19 "might be toxic" and they called for more research into the drug.
"In conclusion, the high CQ dose scheme (12g), given for 10 days, was not sufficiently safe to warrant continuation of that particular study arm," the researchers wrote in the study, adding that they strongly recommend that this dosage is no longer used for the treatment of severe Covid-19.
https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/13/heal...coronavirus-treatment-trials-study/index.html